1. water-cement ratio: the larger the water-cement ratio, the more bleeding will occur. if the water consumption increases by 20%, the amount of bleeding may increase by 2 to 3 times.
2. cement: the type, fineness and dosage of cement will affect bleeding. the finer the cement, the less the amount of bleeding; the greater the amount of cement, the less the amount of bleeding. therefore, increasing the amount of cement and reducing the water-cement ratio can reduce bleeding.
3. mineral additives: mineral additives such as fly ash, slag, silica powder and natural volcanic ash can reduce bleeding, especially silica powder, which has a very obvious effect on reducing bleeding. therefore, early maintenance of silica fume concrete must be strengthened to prevent plastic shrinkage and cracking.
4. aggregate: the higher the mud content of the aggregate, the less bleeding will occur. however, high mud content will have a negative impact on other properties of concrete, such as increasing water demand, increasing shrinkage, etc.
5. chemical admixtures: air-entraining agents can reduce bleeding. water reducers will also reduce bleeding.
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